Pump & stim-free

This section holds pre-workouts without caffeine or other stimulants. They usually contain citrulline malate, arginine, beetroot nitrates, glycerol and betaine, some also creatine monohydrate.

Creatine has an EU-authorised claim: 3 g a day increases physical performance in short-term, high-intensity exercise. The other ingredients have no authorised claims, so compare the amounts per serving. They suit evening training when you would rather skip caffeine.